A host of observed, but very basic human phenomena, including consciousness
itself, have eluded rigorous scientific description by all disciplines
of science. This is true, not because of insufficient evidence for a
particular phenomenon's existence, but rather for lack of a theoretical
construct, which could fit within the prevailing paradigms of science.
For millennia philosophers have pondered the nature of mind, consciousness
and mind/matter interactions but without sufficient knowledge and technical
capability to propose properly testable theories. For the past century
eminent men and women of science have accumulated thousands of pages
of data on mind/mind and mind/matter interactions. Many of the most
telling experiments have been criticized, perfected and repeated numerous
times during the past five decades, using increasingly sophisticated
technologies. Meta analysis of these experiments produce accumulated
probabilities against chance occurrences exceeding trillions to one
(Radin, 1997). It has required, however, that quantum science mature
for seventy-five years and during that period, test, validate and synthesize
a number of seemingly outrageous physical concepts arising from quantum
theory, before testable theories could arise which offer hope that anomalous
mind and consciousness data can be explained (Mitchell, 1996).
The missing concepts that prevented the earliest investigators of consciousness
from succeeding in their quest were 1) a generalized theory of information,
and 2) quantum science itself, with the associated phenomena of non-locality,
the zero point energy field and the quantum hologram. These associated
phenomena are still not well understood but are sufficiently validated
today by both theory and experiment to provide a basis for postulating
a necessary condition for the existence of consciousness phenomena,
as experienced in the observable four dimensional space/time universe.
A third concept, chaos theory, is also necessary to understand the nonlinear
evolutionary processes that caused consciousness to evolve toward the
anthropic consciousness experienced by humans. In particular, chaos
theory maps far from equilibrium systems and demonstrates the irreversibility
of nonlinear processes and thus the irreversibility of time in the macro-scale
universe.
Another class of phenomena, including normal sensory perception and
evolution, to cite but two, have explanatory theories in classical science,
but which in view of current developments in late quantum physics and
in chaos theory may be incomplete approximations to the correct theory.
Information concepts have been examined by Weiner, von Neuman and Shannon
in well-known seminal works and by Frieden more recently (1998) to produce
theories useful to physics, to computation and to communications technologies.
These theories, although accurate and mathematically useful in their
domains, fall short of being sufficiently encompassing when considering
the problem of consciousness, its evolution and its associated phenomena.
Even relatively simple perceptual organisms utilize patterns of energy,
that is, information, not completely described by existing mathematical
theories.
Theory and experimental evidence for the zero point energy field has
been published by many authors, but I shall cite Haisch, Rueda and Puthoff,
(1997,1998), as the most contemporary and relevant work for this paper.
Theory and experimental evidence concerning the quantum hologram has
been developed by Schempp (1992,1993) and Marcer (1996,1997,1998), separately
and jointly, based upon a new understanding of quantum mechanics. (See
previous work by Cramer [1986], Berry [1988], Anandan [1992] and Resta
[1997]).
Non-locality, although predicted by the earliest work in quantum theory
and decisively demonstrated by Aspect in 1982, has been thought to be
a curious property of particle physics but of little relevance to macro-scale
reality until discovery of the quantum hologram. Further, it is widely
believed that non-local quantum information represented by entanglement
of particles could not be recovered locally as useable information (Eberhard's
theorem). However recent work both in theory and experiment (e.g. see
Nature, 1997, 11th December, vol. 390, Sudbury T pp551-552,
and Bouwmeester D. et al pp 575-579) is in line with the work by Berry,
Resta, Schempp and Marcer and makes it clear that this is not the general
case for quantum information processing and communication.
It has been widely accepted in science, until recently, particularly
in the field of artificial intelligence, that the brain was likely a
complex classical computer, incapable of supporting quantum processes.
The work by Hammeroff (1994) and Penrose in isolating and describing
microtubules in brain tissue have caused a re-examination of this dogma,
and renewed interest in uncovering the quantum processes involved.
Based upon this earlier work I postulate and examine the evidence in
this paper for the following theories:
- The basis of subjective experience is rooted in the quantum attribute of nature called non-locality. I will use the word "perception" in its most generic sense to denote a basic subjective experience at all levels of complex matter. Thus the non-local quantum correlation between entangled quantum particles is considered the root cause of the phenomenon experienced as perception in more complex matter, but the non-local quantum hologram is the non-local carrier of information for molecular and larger scale matter. Thus, perception is not an object but rather the label for a nonlinear process involving an object, a percipient and information.
- The experience of humans is that they sometimes, perhaps often, perceive information from or about physical objects that is not available through normal, local, sensory mechanisms, nor classical space/time information. Objective testing data in overwhelming abundance provides evidence that this is true, though an explanatory mechanism has until contemporary times remained elusive. I shall call this intuitive information or intuitive perception. I postulate that a quantum hologram is the source of this intuitive perception and that the percipient is at that time in phase-conjugate-adaptive-resonance (pcar) with the entity or object associated with the quantum hologram.
- The phenomenon of "learning" in humans is a subjective process that involves perception, memory, intentionality, and evaluation of outcome and behavior change. This may be viewed as a classical nonlinear feedback loop. Although we cannot know precisely the subjective experience of another entity, presumably in the successful training of animals, an analogous subjective process is in effect. Sheldrake (1981) has published a successful theory of morphic resonance related to animal learning based upon non-local information. Marcer has published papers (1996,1997) theorizing a mechanism by which the quantum hologram causes learning to take place in both DNA molecules and prokaryote cells as an adaptation process of environmental resonance, rather than mutation and adaptation solely by random processes. I postulate that Marcer's concept can be generalized to nature at large and that the quantum hologram is the information structure suitable to explain Sheldrake's morphic resonance. The non-local quantum correlations observed in particles, and the non-local quantum hologram associated with molecular and larger scale objects, serve the purpose of providing information at all scale sizes to guide evolutionary processes. That is to say, that quantum non-locality is the basis of perception, and thus fundamental and necessary to the
complex organizations of matter and information in the universe. Further, since learning is an observed property of complex systems such as animals and, via the quantum hologram, is theorized to be a property of simple cells and molecules, one can also postulate the generalization that nature evolves through a learning process rather then because of random mutations.
- Marcer (1997) has proposed that the condition of phase-conjugate-adaptive-resonance
(pcar) is a necessary condition for an object in three-dimensional
reality to be perceived as it really is. That is, resonance requires
a virtual path mathematically equal but opposite to the incoming sensory
information about the object. Further, that it is the incoming electromagnetic
(space/time) information (visual, acoustic, etc), which decodes the
information of the quantum hologram and establishes the condition
of pcar so that accurate three-dimensional perception is possible.
That is to say, both quantum information and space/time information
are used in the act of perception by organisms having sensory preceptors.
I propose that the two equal but opposite paths required by the pcar
condition are the mathematical equivalent of perception and attention
(or intention). (I shall distinguish between attention and intention
in following pages.)
The anecdotal evidence for humans perceiving non-local information dates to
prehistory. The data were sufficiently robust that both experiencers
and philosophers, from Plato and Aristotle forward, accepted that both
physical and non-physical realms of reality must exist. Non-physical
was thought to explain the subtle, ephemeral and mystical subjective
experiences ubiquitously reported in human culture. After Descartes
and Newton, however, classical western science rapidly discarded the
non-physical hypothesis and systematically began to ignore all evidence
for perception of non-local information. Field theories and point particles
were created to preserve the concept of physical contact between particles
and to explain obvious examples of "spooky action at a distance" such
as gravitation and electromagnetic interactions. Information, broadly
defined as patterns of energy, reemerges however, in non-local form
in the mysterious quantum spin correlations of double slit experiments,
although it has been widely believed that such non-local information
could not be recovered and utilized by sensory systems. With validation
of theory and experiments concerned with the non-local quantum hologram,
information, including non-local information, suddenly acquires a more
important status in physical theory, a status as important as energy
itself. This is true because information is the basis of the cognition
and knowing by which creatures perceive reality, and non-local information
can now be seen as a ubiquitous and useful property of the cosmos, rather
than a unique attribute of particles (and human animals). It is likely
that most, if not all, subtle, ephemeral and unexplained phenomena associated
with subjective experience are connected, directly or indirectly, with
the phenomenon of non-locality. The brain is clearly a quantum computer
(Schempp & Marcer, 1996) which utilizes both quantum and space/time
information. This discovery alone almost certainly sets a necessary,
but not sufficient condition, for intelligent life to have arisen in
the cosmos, wherever environmental conditions permit.
Many volumes have been written in this century by scientists experimenting
with remote viewing, ESP, telepathy, clairvoyance, precognition, etc.
Police agencies routinely use "psychics" to assist in criminal
cases often with success. Intelligence agencies of governments have
clandestinely utilized the findings to successfully gain information
about an adversary. Many reports of these activities have been recently
declassified and printed in open professional journals, even though
no explanatory physical mechanism has yet been reported which is acceptable
to mainstream science. The most succinct modern summary of this activity
and analysis of results has been published by Radin (1997).
Non-locality and the non-local quantum hologram provide the only testable mechanism
discovered to date which offer a possible solution to the host of enigmatic
observations and data associated with consciousness and such consciousness
phenomena. Schempp (1992) has successfully validated the concept of
recovery and utilization of non-local quantum information in the case
of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) using quantum holography.
Marcer (1995) has made compelling arguments that a number of other chemical
and electromagnetic processes in common use have a deeper quantum explanation
that is not revealed by the classical interpretation of these processes.
Hammeroff (1994) and Penrose have presented experimental data on microtubules
in the brain supporting quantum processes.
The absorption/re-emission phenomena associated with all matter is
well recognized. That such re-emissions are sufficiently coherent to
be considered a source of information about the object is due to the
theoretical and experimental work of Schempp and Marcer, based upon
the transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics of Cramer (1986),
the Berry geometric phase analysis of information (Berry, 1988; Anandan,
1992) and the ability of quantum phase information to be recovered and
utilized (Resta, 1997). The mathematical formalism appropriate to these
analyses is consistent with standard quantum mechanical formalism, and
is defined by means of the harmonic analysis on the Heisenberg nilpotent
Lie group G, algebra g and nilmanifold (see Schempp (1986) for a full
mathematical treatment). The information carried by a quantum hologram
encodes the complete event history of the object with respect to its
three dimensional environment. It evolves over time to provide an encoded
non-local record of the "experience" of the object in the four dimensional
space/time of the object as to its journey in space/time and the quantum
states visited. The question of the brain's ability, as a massively
parallel quantum processor, to decode this information is addressed
by Marcer and Schempp in "Model of the Neuron Working by Quantum Holography"
(1997) and "The Brain as a Conscious System"(1998). They argue that
an organism's ability to perceive objects as they are and where they
actually are in three-dimensional reality requires the phase conjugate
relationship provided by quantum holography. It is not sufficient for
the incoming electromagnetic illumination (or acoustic signal) carrying
object information to present to the brain a wave front in the manner
presented to a flat photographic plate. Rather, a virtual signal as
mapped by the phase conjugation of quantum holographic formalism is
required to decode the information in order for perception and cognition
to exist as we experience it in three dimensional reality. The percipient
and the source of information are in a resonant relationship for the
information to be accurately perceived. Many investigators have proposed
a holography mechanism as a basis for brain functioning, beginning with
Pribram, and indeed, others have proposed holography as a construct
for the universe itself, but discovery of the non-local quantum hologram
created by the absorption/remission phenomenon and characteristic of
all physical objects provides the first quantum physical mechanism compatible
with macro-scale three dimensional world as we experience it.
The existence of a quantum hologram associated with each physical object
provides each physical object with the non-local waveform predicted
by quantum theory's wave/particle duality and extends quantum theory
to all physical matter. It allows, for the first time, a possible approach
for understanding the mysterious world of consciousness. Postulating
that this is globally true, we inhabit a quantum world where non-local
effects should be expected at all levels of functioning, not just as
a curious artifact of the subatomic level of reality. The thousands
of pages of data recording non-local phenomena of mind/mind and mind/matter
interactions suddenly no longer require agonized and embarrassed apologists,
nor need accept the scorn of classical scientists. Existence of the
non-local quantum hologram suggests that nature has utilized non-local
information from the big bang forward, throughout its evolutionary history;
and long before planetary environments self organized to permit living
matter and complex space/time sensory systems to evolve. The papers
of Marcer and Schempp on learning inherent in DNA and prokaryote cells
using quantum holography, when generalized, helps explain the ubiquitous
appearance in nature across distances, scale sizes and species, of similar
processes, organs and sensory systems. This certainly conforms to the
fractal geometry of chaos theory. Certainly the similarities of DNA,
cell structure, organs and brains across species are easier to reconcile
with a non-local learning process than with a theory of localized random
mutation and natural adaptation.
It is important to observe that in standard particle physics experiments
the object is to discover the quantum characteristics of the individual
types of particles, and the conditions under which they split and recombine.
In quantum holography the object is to treat the entire group of re-emitted
quanta as a whole, and as in laser holography, to examine the information
carried in the interference pattern and phase relationships. These represent
two quite different levels of approach to quantum information. In particle
experiments, it is considered that the eigenvalues of the applicable
matrix represent measurable values; and that information is lost during
measurement due to decoherence of the particles and energy exchange.
But in the quantum holographic formalism, the information is carried
in the phase relationships, which are represented by off-diagonal terms
in the matrix, and the information is recoverable under the proper conditions
as Berry and Resta have predicted, and as Schempp has demonstrated with
fMRI. The quantum mathematics is consistent with standard quantum theory
in both cases. In decoding the quantum holographic information, however,
the energy exchange is insignificant.
The similarity of the mathematical treatment in these various experiments
is important to the thesis of this paper. In examining the quantum non-locality
of particles it is spin numbers and/or polarization that are the parameters
of interest. A standard technique of analysis is to use the Fourier
transform to map the state of the particles into the frequency domain.
In the formalism of the quantum hologram, mapping into the frequency
domain is also fundamental, however, the requirement for pcar assures
that the phase relationships are matched so that the percipient (sensory
system) is able to decode the information carried in the phase relationships.
It is precisely the pcar requirement that permits the encoded holographic
information to be decoded by the percipient. Mathematically, decoding
is simply reversing the rotation of the phase vector in phase space.
Physically, it is matching the frequencies and phase of the information
such that resonance results. Frequency, phase matching and resonance
are an operational characteristic of every type receiver technology.
Pribram's earliest proposal that the brain stored information encoded
as in a hologram and mapped by the Fourier transform is in complete
agreement with the evidence presented by quantum holographic mathematical
formalism.
It is the spin and polarization attributes of particles (both are mapped
by wave mathematics) that represent the puzzling non-local property
of subatomic matter. It is the phase relationships that carry the information
in holography (again mapped by waveform mathematics). And it appears
that the brain stores and manages information not as a classical digital
machine, but rather as an analog device using non-local properties of
the quantum hologram, which can be analyzed by wave form mathematics
(harmonic analysis on the Heisenberg Lie group). In the cosmological
evolutionary scheme of things this similarity of appropriate mapping
techniques is too bizarre a coincidence to be ignored as a cosmic accident.
Thus there is ample evidence that the non-local attribute of nature
is much more than just a curious artifact of subatomic particle interactions,
but rather is a more fundamental phenomenon that appears at all scale
sizes and is, in particular, associated with the utilization of information
in nature, and associated with the fact that information has a causal
effect independent of distance. It is precisely information, however,
that is the basis of the phenomena of perception, cognition, memory,
learning, etc, that is to say, consciousness and the subjective experience.
Though the evidence is quite ample to postulate that non-locality is
the unique, universal basis for perception and the subjective experience,
the evidence though compelling is not sufficient to be conclusive that
such is indeed the case. The next steps are to validate more completely
with experimental evidence that non-locality plays a major role at all
scale sizes and that all physical objects are quantum objects and thus
interconnected by information in this strange way.
There is experimental evidence to strongly suggest that simple organisms perceive
and respond to information non-locally as well. Cleve Backster was perhaps
the earliest to experiment with plants and simple life forms in electromagnetic
isolation in late 1960's and early 1970's. His work was not confirmed
through replication by others at that time. Other investigators have
had mixed results replicating non-local information perception by simple
organisms and living tissues. In the area of human experimentation,
results likewise have been mixed and controversial for three-quarters
of a century. However meta analysis by Radin (1997) and independently
by Utts (1991) across a large and appropriate spectrum of experiments
demonstrates compelling statistics that the perception of non-local
information exists and is real. Perhaps were there a larger body of
experimental evidence for simple life forms, similar meta patterns would
emerge. Failure to replicate results in well constructed experiments
does not, in the case of subtle consciousness phenomena, prove that
the phenomenon is missing but rather that a hidden mechanism below the
threshold of classical measurement is operating. For example, the most
telling experimental evidence to explain the sometimes inconsistent
results relates to direct non-local observer and/or experimenter effects.
Gertrude Schmiedler isolated the "sheep/goat" effect in human experimentation
decades ago (1972). Experimenters and/or participants in a human telepathy
(or similar non-local) experiments exhibited results statistically above
or below chance results depending upon their subjective bias toward
the experiment. (In other words, 100% wrong answers would be as statistically
significant as 100% correct answers in such tests, and in addition betrays
the mind set or intention of the subject; whereas only chance results
would be inconclusive.) More recently, a series of experiments by Marilyn
Schlitz (1997) investigating "intentionality" clearly demonstrated that
experimenter bias (intentionality) affected the outcome even of double
blind experiments. Thus, in the subtle realms of mind and consciousness
studies, bias, belief and intention clearly have an effect. The lack
of an existing theoretical structure in classical science to support
any type perception of non-local information, much less to support bias,
belief or intention as having a non-local effect, when in fact it does
have a non-local effect, is quite sufficient to account for anomalous
results in many scientific experiments. Further validation and acceptance
of the non-local thesis will have strong positive repercussions for
the prevailing scientific paradigm and particularly the theory of measurement.
The prevailing dogma of the 20th century against any type
of non-local action at macro-scale reality has not prevented experiments
from being successfully conducted, but has caused positive results to
be dismissed as anomalous, of faulty design or outright fraud, when
in most cases the results were defensible had a proper non-local theory
been available.
A powerful and telling series of experiments conducted by Dean Radin (1997)
at University of Nevada at Las Vegas following a decade long set of
equally significant experiments by Brenda Dunne and Robert Jahn at Princeton
University (1988) provide insight as to the subtleties involved in this
level of mind/brain functioning. Jahn and Dunne provided overwhelming
evidence that subjects could intentionally produce statistically skewed
results in mechanical processes normally thought to be driven by random
processes. Radin went further; he discovered that audiences watching
a stage performance would skew the output of nearby random number generators
during periods of high emotional content in the stage performance. Further,
in a wide-ranging audience participation experiment, he recorded the
output of computer random number generators during the television broadcasts
of the O.J. Simpson murder trial. Most television media reported this
event for weeks on end and tens of millions of humans were watching
the results. Again, the results of the random number generators were
skewed corresponding to emotional peaks during the trial drama and corresponding
to the number of people watching television. The thesis in the Princeton
experiments was that participant intentionality created a non-random
effect to bias the skewed distribution. In the Radin experiments the
results were not intentional, as the participants were unaware of the
experiment, but the hypothesis was that attention (in particular, rapt
attention) drove the system away from chaos (randomness) and toward
greater order (reduced entropy). These results suggest that attention
and intention provide closely correlated outcomes, further, that randomness
may not be a general property of nature, but that what is perceived
as random noise in a system may be information (a pattern of energy)
that is not in resonance at that moment with the particular perceptual
system. William Tiller, emeritus professor at Stanford also has performed
experiments (1997) that are consistent with these results, though his
interpretation of the operating mechanism is somewhat different.
These different types of mind/mind, mind/matter experiments have been
rigorously and routinely conducted for decades with statistically compelling
results but just as routinely dismissed or ignored by main stream science
because the implications of non-local action are so foreign to the classical
paradigm. However, if we consider that the condition of phase-conjugate-adaptive-resonance
is necessary to completely specify the act of perception as described
in the mathematical formalism of the non-local quantum hologram by Marcer,
then we may also consider the perceived object and the percipient's
perceptual system as locked in a resonant feed back loop. The incoming
wave front carrying information may be labeled as "perception" from
the point of view of the percipient, and the return path required by
the resonant relationship may be labeled "attention" (or for subsequent
discussion, "intention"). It is a well established principle in the
meditative practices of esoteric disciplines that prolonged focused
attention on a object of meditation causes the percipient and the object
to appear to merge so that a deeper level of information about the object
is obtained; information such as history or internal functioning, that
would not be available through classical space/time information. The
concept of the quantum hologram adequately and completely describes
how this phenomenon might take place. Further, it is accepted that the
mind/brain is a massively parallel processor, capable of performing
many tasks simultaneously and subconsciously (in the right, intuitive
part of the brain). Attention (meaning conscious, focused attention)
is a unique and singular task that must take place sequentially, mostly
in the left cognitive part of the brain. The condition of attention
deficit disorder (ADD) is precisely the problem of a percipient being
unable to maintain a singular focus for sufficient time to complete
a desired task or observation. Thus, the action of focusing attention
by a percipient may be construed as a necessary condition for pcar to
be established with the perceived object.
Non-Locality, Near and Far
Marcer has presented the case for the pcar requirement in normal sensory perception
(visual and acoustic). A frequent modality used by psychic sensitive
individuals to gain information is to physically touch an object. Touching
an object satisfies the pcar requirement and presumably allows the percipient
access to information about the object not available from space/time
information. Police agencies frequently use this modality with psychic
sensitives to gain information about a crime scene, much as they utilize
a bloodhound to track the scent of an individual, often with considerable
success. If, as in the theory of the quantum hologram, the object has
been in the presence of the individual about whom information is desired,
the event history of the object and that of the individual intersect.
The Berry phase information of the object contains its journey in three
dimensional space and time, as well as the quantum states through which
it has passed on this journey. The sensitive individual, with a honed
talent, seems often able to decode useful Berry phase information from
the object about the individual sought. It may also be the case with
the blood hound, that additional non-local information has been gained
about the subject, even though the classical explanation is that the
animal is operating only with heightened olfactory sensing.
Although perception in the three dimensional world requires and utilizes
pcar, most humans, however, do not bring to conscious awareness non-local
information when we are routinely operating in three-dimensional reality.
We perceive objects as presented by space/time information, that is,
shape, color, function (tree, chair, table, etc) but are not usually
aware of the additional non-local information. It takes training as
provided by many of the esoteric traditions and/or certain naturally
sensitive individuals to routinely perceive the non-local holographic
information associated with a particular object. There is massive evidence
to suggest, however, that the brain has these latter capabilities at
birth. Suppression by cultural conditioning in childhood and subsequent
lack of practice cause the natural ability for conscious, intuitive
perceptions to atrophy. Particularly in western tradition, educational
interest has been on the left brain, rational functions rather than
right brain, intuitive functions. However, mystic adepts and natural
psychics routinely demonstrate that non-local information is perceptible
from physical objects by focusing attention, quieting the left brain
and allowing intuitive perceptions to appear. It is the left brain cognitive
ability in humans that provides canonical labeling of the intuitive
and artistic processes taking place in the right brain. The fact that
with training and practice, individuals can recover, deepen and label
their individual cognitive access to intuitive, non-local information
demonstrates that learning is taking place within the whole brain itself
and involves enhanced coherence and coordination between the hemispheres.
This process is different and distinct from the left brain function
of extending and extrapolating factual data and logical deduction to
leap to an "intuitive" conclusion, while omitting the intermediate steps
leading to that conclusion.
The case is somewhat different when the object of interest is not in the immediate
vicinity of the percipient so that space/time information is unavailable
for decoding non-local information. The phenomenon of remote viewing
has been researched extensively by Puthoff and Targ (1976) of Stanford
Research Institute and successfully utilized by intelligence agencies
in the United States (Puthoff, 1996), and likely elsewhere, ever since.
For the purpose of this paper, the questions of interest in this case
are: "What is the reference signal used to decode the quantum holographic
information in the absence of classical space/time signals; and how
is pcar established by the percipient?" Experimental protocols for remote
viewing normally provide clues to the location of the object such as
a description, a picture, or location by latitude and longitude, that
is to say, an icon representing the object. These clues seem to be sufficient
for the percipient to establish a resonance with the object. Normal
space/time information (visual, acoustic, tactile) about the object
is not being directly perceived by the percipient, nor does the object
usually appear at its physical location in space/time like a photograph
or map in the mind. Rather, the information is perceived and presented
as internal information and the percipient must associate the perceptions
with his/her internal data base of experience in order to cognize and
to describe the object's perceived attributes.
In the case of complex objects being remotely viewed, the perceived
information is seldom so unambiguous as to be instantly recognizable
as correct. Sketches, metaphors and analogies are usually employed to
cognize and communicate the non-local information. A considerable amount
of training, teamwork and experience are necessary to reliably and correctly
extract complex non-local information from a distant location. The information
appears to the percipient as sketchy, often dream-like, and wispy, subtle
impressions of the remote reality. Very skilled individuals may report
the internal information as frequently vivid, clear and unambiguous.
The remote viewing information, being strictly non-local, and in this
hypothesis, the information perceived by quantum holography, is missing
the normal space/time components of information necessary to completely
specify the object. It has been demonstrated that this intuitive mode
of perception can be trained in most individuals. Perhaps additional
training and greater acceptance of this capability will allow percipients
to develop greater detail, accuracy and reliability in their skill.
In principle, training will not only increase the skill and accuracy,
but should cause the appropriate neural circuitry to become more robust
as well.
In the absence of space/time (electromagnetic) signals to establish
the pcar condition and to provide a basis for decoding the quantum hologram,
an icon representing an object seems to be sufficient to allow the brain
to focus on the object and to establish the pcar condition. However,
a reference signal is also required to provide decoding of the encoded
holographic phase dependent information. Marcer (1998) has established,
using Huygen's principle of waves and secondary sources, that any waves
reverberating through the universe remain coherent with the waves at
the source, and are thus sufficient to serve as the reference to decode
the holographic information of any quantum hologram emanating from remote
locations.
The results of the Michelson/Morley experiment banished the concept of an aether
from early twentieth century physics. However, it left a void as the
nature of interstellar space and nothing for propagating waves to wave
in. Quantum physics reincarnated the aether as the zero point field,
a seething cauldron of quantum potential and unmanifest energy where
particles and antiparticles spontaneously arise and then disappear.
The very fabric and structure of space/time itself is again in question;
its structure and its metric under intense investigation with far more
questions than answers having emerged to date. For the purposes of this
paper the relevant issues are two: 1) the emission/absorption phenomenon,
and 2) the structure and mechanics of non-locality. Zero point (zero
degrees Kelvin) emission and absorption of quanta from all physical
objects is a well established phenomenon. It is our view that the zero
point field is the plenum (or cauldron) which supports this absorption
and re-emission, and makes the phenomenon of the quantum hologram possible
at all temperatures. Although particle experiments are carried out under
rigid conditions of temperature and pressure, Schempps experimental
work with the fMRI requires no such constraints.
There are deep and difficult questions yet to be answered about how
the information of the quantum hologram maintains its integrity and
is propagated, about how resonance takes place at extremely large distances.
There is considerable evidence that intuitively perceived information
is truly non-local. It does not obey the inverse square law for space/time
energy propagation, it is time independent and cannot be shielded by
electromagnetic shielding. Such characteristics are the mark of non-locality.
But understanding the mechanics of non-locality (or a visual picture)
is missing from standard models. Some physicists turn to superluminal
speed of propagation, others to the zero point as a zero dimension,
which is resonant with all parts of the universe simultaneously. The
issue of instantaneous communication (or at least superluminal communication)
of non-local effects on a cosmic scale remains a problem, even though
the phenomenon itself is well validated. Perhaps it is a problem of
topology. What shape can the universe have such that one point can be
in simultaneous contact with all other points? In this regard it is
clear that certain problems between quantum mechanics, special and general
relativity remain in existence. Haisch, Puthoff and Rueda continue to
investigate the metrics of the zero point field with regard to better
defining the unanswered questions about, mass, gravitation and inertia.
Perhaps these investigations will also bring answers for how phase related
information is propagated non-locally, likely within the zero point
field, and thereby unveil the mechanics of the resonance phenomenon.
Further, new investigations reported by Van Flandern (1998) on measurements
from orbiting Global Positioning System (GPS) clocks indicate the predictions
from Lorentzian relativity to be approximately four times more accurate
(0.7% opposed to 3%) than predictions of special relativity. If these
measurements are further validated, it implies that Lorentzian relativity
with a Hubble absolute rest reference frame, an aether (zero point field),
and instantaneous propagation of non-local effects may be the preferred
one. If this is the case, then many questions about non-locality would
be resolved.
I have argued that by establishing pcar between a percipient and an object,
the phase conjugate (equal but opposite) paths connecting the two can
be labeled "perception" and "attention." In the case where the object
is a simple physical object (rock, flower, etc.), our interest is on
the non-local information perceived by the percipient about the object.
However, from the point of view of the object, information about the
percipient is also available to the object. The pcar condition is a
reciprocal relationship, mathematically. Quantum holographic formalism
predicts that the history of events of quantum objects is carried in
the quantum hologram, thus we must conclude that the "attention" focused
upon the object causes that event to be recorded in that object's quantum
hologram. Although we cannot query the object about its experience perhaps
an experiment such as one utilizing the Aharonov-Bohm effect would detect
a phase shift in the object's holographic field. (In this discussion
I use anthropic labeling as we are discussing human perception. The
phenomena however, are rooted in natural (and primitive) non-local physical
processes, which are fundamental. The evolved complexities of perception,
cognition, etc, associated with a brain obviously, as yet, have no analogous
label to describe the experience of simple objects.)
Once the pcar condition is established, the percipient can change its
mind state with regard to the object. The perceived information can
be operated upon by the brain's function so that cognition occurs with
respect to the perceived information and meaning assigned. Cognition
and meaning require finding a relationship between the perceived information
and the information residing in the percipient's memory. The percipient
can then form an intent with respect to the object. In such case the
path I have labeled "attention" could suddenly be changed to "intention";
that is, from a passive state to a pro-active state.
Figure 1
In self aware animals (those with a brain) cognition, meaning and intent with
respect to an object can often be described in simple terms, for example:
enemy, fight or flight; food, eat; friend, greet, etc. The non-local
component of information, although present and creating effect, is operating
below the level of conscious perception in humans and results in "instinctual"
subconscious behaviors in all animals. The brain as a massive parallel
computer, is simultaneously performing numerous tasks to accomplish
the desired intention. Classical modeling of this autonomous activity
describe it only in terms of classical information and energy flow in
the central nervous system and the brain. However, if non-locality is
operating at all levels of activity, as this theory suggests, certainly
there are resonances involving non-local information operating throughout
the body of an organism in parallel with classical space/time functions.
Subsequent experimental work will surely uncover these quantum processes
where non-local resonance is involved in the functioning of an animal's
internal processes.
In the case of non-local effects at a distance, outside the body, simple
spin correlations of entangled particles is the most basic. The spin
coherence is reciprocal. Action on one particle creates an effect on
other entangled particles. The non-local information is causal of effects
at large distances. It is no less important for macro-scale objects.
Sheldrake (1995) proposed and others conducted experiments with dogs
whereby the animals correctly anticipated their owners' departure from
work to return home. He proposed other successful experiments where
rats learning a new maze benefited non-locally from the experience of
others that had previously learned the maze, in the total absence of
classical space/time information.
It is not surprising then, that humans exhibit an even wider range
of reactions to non-local information. The evidence suggests that humans
can perceive, cognize, and give meaning to non-local information across
a range of complexity, from inanimate objects, simple organisms, animals
and other humans. The existence of quantum holography provides an adequate
informational structure to permit a theory for the observed results.
The case is a classic case in phenomenology, where results are repeatedly
observed over time that fall outside the prevailing paradigm, and must
await new developments in science before an explanation is forthcoming.
The results for intentional effects of non-locality should be no more
difficult to accept than the results for perception. The pcar relationship
implies a symmetry, that is, information flows in both directions between
object and percipient such that each is object and each is percipient.
Only the complexity of the more ordered perceiving system suggests a
non-symmetrical relationship. We humans have great difficulty in accepting
that thoughts, specifically intentionality, can cause action at a distance.
Yet, it has been observed for centuries and in recent decades subjected
to scientific scrutiny. Were not prayer to have produced some positive
results, religion would have been abandoned centuries ago. That cause
was ascribed to supernatural agency rather than non-locality is simply,
again, phenomenology needing to wait while science caught up. Modern
studies by Dossey (1993), Byrd (1988) plus many others have attempted
to document the efficacy of prayer, particularly healing prayer. The
results in most cases are very suggestive of non-local effects, and
some claim they establish the case for healing prayer. However, the
difficulties of controlling all variables in such clinical studies leave
many avenues for valid criticism. The fact that Radin's several studies
(1997) demonstrated that attention alone produced non-local results
in machines, i.e., reduced randomness (increases order) does confirm
that information has non-local effect and may be correctly formulated
as negentropy. These results apply directly to healing prayer as well.
The case for pcar conditions to create remote effects by transfer of
non-local information between equally complex percipients, humans for
example, is not difficult to understand. Indeed, hundreds of successful
experiments establish the case. In these cases no energy transfer is
required, only non-local information, as each percipient/object has
access to its own energy source. The case for intentionally creating
remote physical effects in inanimate objects is more puzzling. Even
though teleportation of quantum states has been successfully accomplished
for particles, and numerous studies (Radin, 1997; Dunne and Dunne, 1988)
show that macro-scale objects can also be changed or moved, the energy
transfer mechanism by which the classical states of a remote object
are affected remains illusive.
The case for mind/mind and mind/matter interactions is impressively well documented
over many decades as studies in phenomenology, with staggering probabilities
against chance having produced the results. The discovery of the non-local
quantum hologram, which is theoretically sound and experimentally validated
in at least one application, the fMRI, is sufficient to postulate that
the quantum hologram is a solution to the foregoing enigma. Further,
recognition that the quantum hologram is a macro-scale, non-local, information
structure described by the standard formalism of quantum mechanics extends
quantum mechanics to all physical objects including DNA molecules, organic
cells, organs, brains and bodies. The discovery of a solution which
seems to resolve so many phenomena, and also that points to the fact
that in many instances classical theory is incomplete without including
the subtle non-local components involved, suggests a major paradigm
change must be forthcoming.
The papers already published by Marcer and Schempp proposing a learning
model both for DNA and prokaryote cells, which uses quantum holography,
suggests that evolution in general is driven by a learning feedback
loop with the environment, rather than by random mutations. This solution
to biological evolution was proposed by Lamarck in 1809 but discarded
for the mechanistic solution of random mutations by the colleagues of
Darwin.
The fact that non-local correlations and non-local quantum information
can now be seen as ubiquitous in nature leads to the conclusions that
the quantum hologram can properly be labeled as "nature's mind" and
that the intuitive function we label in humans as the "sixth sense"
should properly be called the "first sense." The perception of non-local
information certainly preceded and helped to shape, through learning
feedback, the sensory systems that evolved in planetary environments,
and which we currently label as the five normal senses.
We must conclude that evolved, complex organisms, which can form an
intent can produce and often do produce non-local causal effects associated
with that intent. Further, that attention alone produces coherence in
nature that in some measure reduces randomness.
Finally, I conclude that the cited experiments and current understanding
of non-locality in nature is sufficient to postulate that non-locality
is the antecedent attribute of energy and matter which permits perception
and is the root of the consciousness which manifests in the evolved
organisms existing in three dimensional reality.
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